Indlela yokuphimisa amafomu -ed: /t/, /d/ noma /ɪd/

Abafundi bavame ukuphimisa wonke amafomu -ed njengokuthi enezinhlamvu ezengeziwe eziphelele: “work-ed”, “play-ed”, “jump-ed”. Izikhulumi zakuleli azikwenzi lokho cishe nhlobo. Empeleni, iningi lama-ed alengeza zinhlamvu ezingenalutho.

Kunezindlela ezintathu zokuphimisa -ed, futhi umthetho uncike kuphela omsindo wokugcina weverb.

Umthetho 1 — /ɪd/: emva kwe /t/ noma /d/

Uma i-verb isiqeda ngomzwi we /t/ noma /d/, udinga izinhlamvu ezengeziwe, ngoba ngaphandle kwalokho awukwazi ukuzwa ukuphela kwayo:

• want → wanted /ɪd/ (funa)
• need → needed /ɪd/ (idinga)
• decide → decided /ɪd/ (nquma)

Lena yona kuphela icala lapho -ed iba izinhlamvu ezihlukile.

Umthetho 2 — /t/: emva komsindo ongazwakali

Ngemuva komsindo ongazwakali (/p/, /k/, /s/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /f/, /θ/) ukuphela kuba /t/ emfushane, ethule:

• work → worked /wɜːkt/ (sebenza)
• stop → stopped /stɒpt/ (misa)
• watch → watched /wɒtʃt/ (buka)
• laugh → laughed /lɑːft/ (hleka)

Umthetho 3 — /d/: emva kwakho konke okunye

Ngemuva kwamavowel nama-sounds anomsindo, ukuphela kuba /d/ ethambile:

• play → played /pleɪd/ (dlala)
• live → lived /lɪvd/ (phila)
• call → called /kɔːld/ (shayela)

Ukuhlola ngokushesha: beka isandla esifubeni sakho bese usho umsindo wokugcina we-verb. Ukuzwakala → /d/. Akukho ukuzwakala → /t/. Uma /t/ noma /d/ sekukhona → /ɪd/.

Zilolonge ngendaba encane

I walked home, opened the door, and wanted to sleep. Then I remembered I needed to cook. I washed some rice and called my friend.

Bala izinhlamvu njengoba ufunda. Walked no washed zinezinhlamvu ezingu-1 ngazinye; kuphela wanted no needed ezikhulayo.

I-HolosAccent ibala ama-consonant wokugcina kuwo wonke amagama, ngakho i-‑ed elahlekile noma elengeziwe iyabonakala ngokushesha — imininingwane encane eyenza i-English yakho izwakale ithembekile kakhulu.